Dale Dougherty
'America was built by makers -- curious, enthusiastic amateur inventors whose tinkering habit sparked whole new industries. At TED@MotorCity, MAKE magazine publisher Dale Dougherty says we're all makers at heart, and shows cool new tools to tinker with, like Arduinos, affordable 3D printers, even DIY satellites.'
Marian Bantjes
'In graphic design, Marian Bantjes says, throwing your individuality into a project is heresy. She explains how she built her career doing just that, bringing her signature delicate illustrations to storefronts, valentines and even genetic diagrams.'
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 and twitter.
What is Web 2.0
The term "Web 2.0" (2004-present) is commonly associated with web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the World Wide Web. ..._en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0
The second generation of the World Wide Web, especially the movement away from static webpages to dynamic and shareable content and social networking_en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Web_2.0
A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing emphasis on human collaboration._www.headland.co.uk/pages/glossary
Web 2.0 does not refer to any specific change in the technology of the Internet, but rather the behavior of how people use the Internet. ..._www.twinity.com/en/glossary
Web 2.0 (or Web 2) is the popular term for advanced Internet technology and applications including blogs, wikis, RSS and social bookmarking. ..._www.informit.com/guides/content.aspx
Web 2.0 is an expression which was used for the first time in 2004 and referred to the second generation of Internet. The main characteristics of new era in Internet is connected with its constant development and delivering services tailored to the needs of each user. ..._www.share.uni-koeln.de/
The overlooked significance of Web 2.0 is in understanding the manner in which the technology is being used and interpreted in a new generation.
The creator of twitter is American software architect and businessperson called Jack Dorsey (born November 19, 1976).
Essay
Jodie Smith.
How do new technologies enhance your understanding of graphic design and how do they relate to your own contemporary practice?
With the creation of new technologies art has changed through out the years. One example of this is ‘collage.’ Over time collage has been developed into what is known as Photomontage and digital art.
Collage began with the creation of paper and since then has never stopped being developed. During the tenth century calligraphers would use paper glued onto the surface to create their poems. This is often overlooked as collage was believed to have began with the movements ‘Modernism’ and ‘Cubism.’
Picasso was thought to have started the trend of overlapping different materials and elements such as labels, paint and postal stamps. Picasso and Braque were thought to have been the ‘pioneers of the pasted revolution.’
Pablo Picasso Guitar, sheet music and glass 1912.
During the beginning of the 1900’s type and graphic were being mixed within art. In 1922 artist Mayakovsky used photographs instead of illustrations in commercial work. This is when we see a change and the start of graphics and art combined. Klutisis produced the poster ‘The electrification of the entire country’ in 1920, which experiments with photomontage. Constructive photomontage
‘By photomontage we mean the use of photographic print as a figurative means. The combination of snapshots changes the composition of graphic images.’
Collages now involved content within the design, those designs were complex and philosophical. The new technology of the photograph meant that consumers could now see reality. They now had some relation to the image. This was a new way for designers to draw in their audience ‘an advertisement with a photograph of an object is more powerful than a drawing.’
Insert image.
Once the forties hit culture there was a new lifestyle and new technical possibilities in mass production and consumption of printed materials such as magazines, publications and printed labels.
In 1956 Richard Hamilton a famous pop artist created the work ‘Just what is it that makes today’s homes so different, so appealing?’ In this piece of work there are a collection of different photographs. The floor is a photo of the beach taken from quite a distance whilst on the walls you can see many current (at the time) advertisement.
‘Just what is it that makes today’s homes so different, so appealing?’
Richard Hamilton 1956.
The artwork ‘Just what is it that makes today’s homes so different, so appealing?’ always intrigued me. There is so much there that you are constantly finding new elements of detail. It was the first time I had seen a mixture of images, type and photographs. Using mixed media came up in my own work subconsciously.
For a project I over lapped photographs on a piece of material to create a poster and leaflet. It was not as busy as the piece by Richard Hamilton but traces of collage were present. The look I was trying to convey was a fantasy of the place that was being advertised in the poster. Using the image of the place it’s self in black and white to show its age, and it’s vintage side, to represent the surroundings images of flowers were enlarged and placed around the house, showing how the house is centred in a garden.
Piece of my own work, 2008.
During the 1960’s new technical processes such as photo-silk-screen, photo litho and computer graphics changed the way collages would be created. Fine art began to be moved into generic image techniques. The collage ‘effect’ moved into a wider culture, appearing in magazines and films. A bond formed with fine arts and the modern technology.
“Giant printing machines produce proofs several meters long… the colour photo related endlessly fascinating material, without any boundaries.”
Digital art was the next stage in the development of collage. Commercial work was being created from computer manipulation; in 1982 the cover of the National Geographic was created through that process. This involved a photograph being digitally altered. This could come across as a lie to some as what was thought to be ‘hard visual evidence’ could now in fact be a manipulation.
Digital art often created with the software and programming from Adobe. With these programmes images can be assembled and manipulated. Thomas Knoll created the software ‘Photoshop’ in 1987, which would a few years later be bought by Adobe. During 1990 Photoshop 1.0 was released, this would change how design was produced. This is the start of designers being reliant on software an no longer being as productive and creative with their own hands. Images can be transformed and changed, even changing the elements of materials. During the 1990’s artists began to understand and master new technologies on the computer software. Artists took advantage of these new developments and layering images could be applied. Artists no longer had to spend hours in the dark room to develop their photos; it could all be done digitally. With the dark room if light accidentally got exposed on the film beforehand, that would be the film ruined. Digitally all you have to do is upload the photo, from there it can be cropped, have an edit over the top, easily change it to black and white. If you wanted to crop an image after processing the film in the dark room you would have to crop it by hand or align paper over the photo paper whilst exposing it, not always giving you what you want.
Photomontage emerged with the movement Dada, often designed to resemble the resolution and the chaos around it. From 1922 photomontage was becoming part of graphics. The famous Bauhaus used this new media in some of their works, the combination of typography and photomontage alongside the traditional arts.
Photomontage can be described in many different ways due to the mixture of its contents. It doesn’t just involve a photo, its cut outs, angles, overlaid negatives. Reproduction was made through photography and then printing.
As photomontage grew the artists no longer settled on using others images. Initial the artists used photos cut out from magazines or other advertisements, but now some took the photographs into their own hands. The artist Moholy-Nagy was one of the artists that took up photography for his photomontage.
The twenties was about producing new visions and not regurgitating those before. Photomontage allowed artists to do this, from 1924 Moholy used this technique in posters and leaflets. From 1929 – 33 he made eight different covers for the magazine ‘die neue linie.’
This is true also for digital images, with the quality and definition of imagery increasing and starting to match those ‘real’ images, both being used in photomontages. ‘Artificial images’ and ‘digital images’ are becoming more alike.
For some designers digital art is just any method to use and not the only one. Creating the images by hand but then using the computer to digitally changes the sizes.
The use of collage could now be described as mixed media due to combining ‘creative’ designs with technology. In this example of my work you can see how I created patterns and shapes using graph paper and then scanning in it for the background. After that you then see a photo, which I have manipulated on Adobe software.
Insert bit of own work.
Essay Plan
Robert Rauschenberg.
Richard Hamilton.
Robert Rauschenberg (October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008) was an American artist who came to prominence in the 1950s transition from Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art. Rauschenberg is well-known for his "Combines" of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations. Rauschenberg was both a painter and a sculptor and the Combines are a combination of both, but he also worked with photography, printmaking, papermaking, and performance.[1][2] He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1993.[3]
Rauschenberg lived and worked in New York City as well as on Captiva Island, Florida until his death from heart failure on May 12, 2008.[4]
Richard Hamilton, CH (born 24 February 1922) is an English painter and collage artist. His 1956 collage titled Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, produced for the This Is Tomorrow exhibition of the Independent Group in London, is considered by critics and historians to be one of the early works of Pop Art.[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hamilton_(artist)
A collage (From the French: coller, to glue) is a work of formal art, primarily in the visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.
A collage may include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or hand-made papers, portions of other artwork, photographs and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas. The origins of collage can be traced back hundreds of years, but this technique made a dramatic reappearance in the early 20th century as an art form of novelty.
The term collage derives from the French "coller" meaning "glue".[1] This term was coined by both Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in the beginning of the 20th century when collage became a distinctive part of modern art.[2]
How did collage become part of Graphic Design?
Is this where photomontage started to become big?
‘an advertisement with a photograph of an object is more effective than a drawing.’ (Page 35).
‘an advertisement with a photograph of an object is more effective than a drawing.’ (Page 35).
Where did it all begin?
Looking through the book Taylor, B. (2004) Collage The Making of Modern Art, United Kingdom, Thames & Hudson Ltd.
In the beginning chapters you discover how Picasso was one of the first 'pioneers of the pasted revolution.' (page 11).
In the image below you can see how he used different bits of paper to create an image, things such as labels, paint etc.
In the beginning chapters you discover how Picasso was one of the first 'pioneers of the pasted revolution.' (page 11).
In the image below you can see how he used different bits of paper to create an image, things such as labels, paint etc.
Progress of Collage.
'A collage may include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or hand-made papers, portions of other artwork, photographs and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas. The origins of collage can be traced back hundreds of years, but this technique made a dramatic reappearance in the early 20th century as an art form of novelty.'
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collage
Led into paintings.
Later became part of photomontage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collage
Led into paintings.
Later became part of photomontage.
Definition Of Collage
A collage (From the French: coller, to glue) is a work of formal art, primarily in the visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collage
Getting Started
After the last post I began to look into work that has at one point influenced my own. Weather in the past or now.
Looking back at what influenced my work when first becoming a designer I found myself looking at a designer who uses collage.
Looking back at what influenced my work when first becoming a designer I found myself looking at a designer who uses collage.
Richard Hamilton.
Choosing a topic
When thinking over the different elements of technology that has changed over the years, but also what form of technology has affected my work as well. Thinking of this two things popped into my head.... collage and printing....
I like to use a mixture of different elements in my work, often doing some hand-rendered ideas which are tweaked on the computer. This also gives the opportunity to use different materials on and off screen.
Printing has of course affected every graphic designs, but I'm not just talking about the digital printer I am talking about things such as screen-printing.
So now I must decide which route I would like to go down.....
I like to use a mixture of different elements in my work, often doing some hand-rendered ideas which are tweaked on the computer. This also gives the opportunity to use different materials on and off screen.
Printing has of course affected every graphic designs, but I'm not just talking about the digital printer I am talking about things such as screen-printing.
So now I must decide which route I would like to go down.....
Essay discussion
Essay discussion:
Hand in draft over break.
- New essay question.
New technologies –
‘How do new technologies enhance your understanding of graphic design and how do they relate to your own contemporary practice?’
Could start by brainstorming title.
Enhance – greater, value, beauty or effectiveness.
Graphic design – ad, poster, film graphics, corporate identity, logo design, web page design, packaging.
What does graphic design mean to me.
How are images produced –ideas vs. technical production.
What bits of graphics am I in to?
Bits and bobs.
Artists own work – not commercially published work.
Sketches, mixed media.
What does graphic design mean?
To attract an audience.
Experimental with typography/
‘Sustainable in design.’
‘Software used.’
‘Mixed materials.’
Deconstruct the essay question. All the range that there is. Highlight bits I’m interested in.
Thinking about audience?
Who is looking at the images, who are the audience, why are they looking at it.
What new technologies?
(Could be old technology – how its has impact in graphic design).
-New technologies allow new sorts of ways of working, that haven’t been possible before.
- It’s possible now.
- Through what medium are the audience assessing graphic design? E.g. magazines, prints.
- How has desktop computing changed graphic design? E.g. digital photography.
- Mass production of images e.g. Pop art, Flickr, the web, images across the web.
- Photoshop/Illustrator or easier – for the independent to set up professionally, technologies drive careers forward.
- Copy and paste e.g. montage of images.
- How the Internet has changed graphic design.
- Web 2.0 technologies changed graphic design?
- Mobile computing (smart phones/tablets).
What makes you different. The ideas behind design work and the understanding an audience is what makes you different. Relate is back to you own design.
Timetable.
Week 1 – 24th Jan.
Week 2 – 31st Jan.
Time in Library accessing and researching key texts – Internet research.
Choose an area to focus on for your own essay.
Week 3 – 7th Feb.
Week 4 – 14th Feb.
Draft presentation due. Presentation and essay.
Week 5 – reading week.
Submit draft by e-mail.
(Should be half way through essay by then).
Week 6 – 1st March.
Presentation.
Week 7 – 8th March.
Essay due in.
Intro 300 words.
Looking at graphic design (add what new technology I am looking at). Introduce my approach and outline the ones I intend to focus on throughout the essay.
Body text.
History of topic.
How has it impacted graphic design?
Conclusion.
Bring together key points of the body of the essay and conclude them.
Film Typography
First clip I looked at was the end credits of Lemony snicket. This clip was directed by Jamie Caliri and edited by Mike Miller of MWP.
Jamie Caliri’s animated films have gained him an Emmy and two Annie awards. During the 90’s he used his skills in music videos. The video he directed for Morphine’s “Early to bed” earned a Grammy nomination for best music video. He is now the creative director for dragon stop motion software, used to shoot broadcast and feature animation around the world.
As you can see these credits wouldn’t be much without the paper cutouts. The graphics and Thomoas Newman’s dancing skeleton.
This lead me to see what other credits Jamie has done. From what I found he had done the end credits for Madagskar 2. Here you can see type is more of the design element that the one before. They’ve adjusted the angels on the text.
That clip was directed by Jamie Caliri for Duck and Todd Hemker who were the animation directors.
Inspirations.
Looking at pieces of work or things that have inspired me within design.
Marie O'Connor.
When I first started studying graphic design one of the first designers that inspired me was ‘Marie O’Connor.’ The design on the screen was the first one I saw of hers.
Neasden Control Centre.
When I saw this piece of Neasden control centre’s work, I started to being more experimental. They inspired me to be a little messier, to not try and make things look – “perfect.”
Dumpling Dynasty.
During a trip to London where we went to visit the museums, I went into one of the gift shops. In the gift shop I saw some of Dumpling Dynasty. Here you can see an example of their work. These designs were a big inspiration for me during my final piece during college.
Handjob.
During uni we are constantly being taught about type, and how important type is. When I saw work in the book handjob I came more confident in trying hand rendered type.
Hang me some tea by Soon Mo Kang.
Hang me some tea by Soon Mo Kang. I was surprised to find out these designs were done by a student, this made me realize the things I could be doing and how broadly I should be thinking.
Dada
Bullet Points on Dadaism.
Neo – Dada late 20th century.
Montage and photomontage as a technique.
Dada revolt against the culture and values, which believed caused and supported the carriage of ww1 (1914 – 1918).
Anti-war.
Big in Berlin.
Art Critic, 1919 – 1920.
Hausmann and Hoch.
(Find quote from 1958 from Hausmann).
John Heartfield free text by pouring wet plaster around the type. Ready for print.
- Traditional print fixed frame work – they changed this, by using plaster and bending the frame work, so they could put type any where on the page (we take this for advantage these days).
The two experimented with cut up pieces of newspaper and photos.
- Millian stand behind me. 1932.
Adolf the superman : swallows god and spat and junk.
Hoch, early feminist.
-Point out the faults of beauty culture.
- Work from 1926 to 1935 often showed some same sex couples.
Kurt Schwitters.
1918 applied to join Berlin Dadaist’s, but was rebuffed for his un-political attitude.
Opened his own branch of Dada, with own series..
Merzbild, Kurt Schwitters. More commercial than the others.
Dada Journal 1923 to 1932 – Merz,
Mainly typography and design.
- El Lissitzky.
- Theo van.
Neo – Dada.
1960 – revival of Dada ideas in neo-dada. Counter cultural, born of the 60’s. Fluxus group. International group.
(John Cage).
Rauschenbergs – wanted to create form of art with instant meaning, opposing to the intellectualism of Abstract expressionism.
Images from everyday objects.
Believed that art could be made out of anything. Believed ideas behind a work of art was more important than the work.
Punk – movement. Late 70’s mid 80’s.
Partly driven by economics and social disruptions. Like dada, anti – establishments, anti –art.
Present day. Nothird runaway, searching for evidents.
Co.Kerky.
Website – shredder. Info becomes graphics/text.
Present day – Benjamin Herie? Anti Iraq war.
- Essence of John Heartfield.
- Influence from dada.
Dada news feed takes lines from news and assembles a montage of text and image.
-Influence on graphics.
-Aesthetics and ideas re-occur during periods of fraction and frictions.
Wordle. Google terms to related to dada to research the subject.
Put key terms into wordle, it will make up a word cloud for you. You can edit text and colour.
Key words.
John Heartfield.
Hoch,
Photomontage.
Cutouts.
Montage.
Graphics.
Typography abstractions.
Anti-establishment.
Creators of Chance.
Western culture.
Political.
Anarchic revolt.
Zurich.
Switzerland.
Fluxus group.
Duchamp.
Task.
Make a poster from 'Frost' in the style of Dada.
Essay Title change...
The essay title has been changed.
Instead of saying 'Visual culture' it now says 'how do new technologies enhance your understanding of graphic design and how do they relate to your own contemporary practice?'
How will this affect my research?
Could I still continue looking down the collage route? Only way to know if to continue research and see what technologies helped create some of those art pieces and gave them something that they didn't have before that bit of technology.
Essay Plan
What is Visual Culture?
'Visual Culture as an academic subject is a field of study that generally includes some combination of cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, and anthropology, by focusing on aspects of culture that rely on visual images.'
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_culture
'Visual Culture as an academic subject is a field of study that generally includes some combination of cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, and anthropology, by focusing on aspects of culture that rely on visual images.'
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_culture
Mind map of designers who have influenced me/breaking down the title.
Exploring some of the influences further.
Robert Rauschenberg.
Robert Rauschenberg (October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008) was an American artist who came to prominence in the 1950s transition from Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art. Rauschenberg is well-known for his "Combines" of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations. Rauschenberg was both a painter and a sculptor and the Combines are a combination of both, but he also worked with photography, printmaking, papermaking, and performance. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1993.
Rauschenberg lived and worked in New York City as well as on Captiva Island, Florida until his death from heart failure on May 12, 2008.
Richard Hamilton.
Richard Hamilton, CH (born 24 February 1922) is an English painter and collage artist. His 1956 collage titled Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, produced for the This Is Tomorrow exhibition of the Independent Group in London, is considered by critics and historians to be one of the early works of Pop Art.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hamilton_(artist)
Collage.
A collage (From the French: coller, to glue) is a work of formal art, primarily in the visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.
A collage may include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or hand-made papers, portions of other artwork, photographs and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas. The origins of collage can be traced back hundreds of years, but this technique made a dramatic reappearance in the early 20th century as an art form of novelty.
The term collage derives from the French "coller" meaning "glue". This term was coined by both Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in the beginning of the 20th century when collage became a distinctive part of modern art.
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